The Department was founded in 1942 on the initiative of Professor L. O. Finkelstein and was called the Department of Children's Diseases. Later the Department was headed by associate professors A. T. Balmagia, R. I. Margolis, B. G. Merson. In 1952, the Department was headed by Professor Boris Fabianovich Shagan, representative of the Leningrad pediatric school. In 1956, on the initiative of B. F. Shagan, the pediatric faculty was opened at the Medical Institute. Thanks to the efforts of B. F. Shagan, Kyrgyzstan is creating its own scientific pediatric school. His pupils are such well-known scientists of the Republic as T. I. Pokrovskaya, D. K. Kudayarov, K. P. Ni, I. F. Alekseenko, p. P. Afanasenko, R. Tashmatova and many others. In 1975 the Department of hospital Pediatrics was headed by associate Professor Rabiga Tashmatova.

The Department continues to conduct research on rheumatism in children, pediatric gastroenterology, since 1981 – on the problem of "Physiology and pathology of adolescents." From 1985 to 1987 the Department was headed by Professor Georgy A. Komarov. From 1987 till present  the head of Department is academician of National Academy of Sciences, honored worker of science, laureate of State prize, doctor of Sciences, Professor of Kudayarov Duishe Kudayarovich.

Faculties «General Medicine», «General Medicine with English language training», «Pediatrics»:

4th year – modules "Pediatric cardiology", "Pediatric pulmonology", "Pediatric rheumatology", "Neonatology"

5th year – modules "Pediatric Hematology", "Pediatric rheumatology", "Neonatology"

6th year – cycles "Children's diseases with outpatient Pediatrics", "Children's immunology and Allergology" (faculty "Pediatrics")

The aim is to deepen knowledge of Pediatrics, develop students' independent clinical thinking and skills of working with scientific and reference literature, improve clinical skills of examination of patients, the development of methods of work of children's medical institutions.

Objectives:

• to study the features of the course of disease in individual children;
• to study atypical, complicated and rare forms of disease;
• to studydifferential diagnosis;
• to study individualized therapy;
• to instilling in students a sense of love for Pediatrics and professional pride;
• to familiarize studnets with the ethical and deontological norms of the pediatrician.

Employees of the Department solve a wide range of scientific problems. A number of employees of the Department devoted their research to Hematology of childhood (Kudayarov D. K., Asanbaeva B. A., Alekseenko I. F., Ismailova A. S., Sokolinskaya S. G., Kudaibergenova K. A., Mustapaeva Zh.). Another direction of research interests of members of the Department became Children's Bronchopulmonary (Komarov G. A., Neritina L. M., Bragina, L. Y., Y. V. Barykin). A significant contribution to the development of Pediatric Cardiorheumatology was made by the work of Tashmatova R., Sabirova R. K., Popova AP, Musculosas B. A., Muratova A. A., the A. J. Bolotbekov In different years the employees of Department developed problems of pediatric Allergology (moldogazieva A. S.), Hepatology (Mamyrbaeva T. T.), Frequently ill children (Alymkulov R. D., G. B. Mambetkulova).

Currently, research activity of the Department includes the problem of the themes "Role of hormonal status in the adaptation of premature infants with prenatal hypotrophy", "Clinical and epidemiological aspects of rhythm disturbances in children in Kyrgyzstan", "Clinical and functional characteristics of cardiac pathology in children at the present stage", "Epidemiology, structure and prevention of cardiovascular disease in school-age children Bishkek".

Over the past 5 years, the staff of the Department prepared and published 123 scientific reports, 2 monographs, 2 manuals for students, clinical residents, interns and practitioners.